Wednesday, July 22, 2015

Subhas Chandra to Japan (1943-45) - Invitation of Bose to East Asia

Japan is a stratovolcanic archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest are HonshuHokkaidoKyushu, and Shikoku, which make up about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land areaInfluence from other regions, mainly Imperial China, followed by periods of isolation, later from Western European influence, has characterized Japan's history. From the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a long period of isolation in the early 17th century, which was only ended in 1853 when a United States fleet pressured Japan to open to the West. Nearly two decades of internal conflict and insurrection followed before the Meiji Emperor was restored as head of state in 1868 and the Empire of Japan was proclaimed, with the Emperor as a divine symbol of the nation. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, victories in the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War and World War I allowed Japan to expand its empire during a period of increasing militarism.. 
Japan entered the WWII in Dec  1941. After the battle of Stalingrad Bose was sure that German Collapse was nearer and he realised the futility of staying in Germany.
By Feb 1942,  Japanese had taken over the countries in south East Asiaand were helping the Indian nationalists in the formation of Indian National Army.(INA)
Both at the Tokyo and Bangkok conferences, the name of Subhas as the Inian Leader who should be invited to lead the Indian Independence movement in East Asia and the request was conveyed to the German Govt. . The Japanese Prime minister Tojo made an official declarationon 16 Feb 1942, in which he made an appeal to the Indian people to cooperate with Japan to make themselves free from the ruthless despotism of Great Britain and contribute to the creation of Co-prosperity Sphere.
Bose was pleased with the announcement.
In Thailand , Indian Nationalists with the japanese help were doing their bst to establish a strong anti-British base and were keen to have Bose as their leader in East Asia to launchthe movement.The request to Bose to comee to East Asia came at the right moment. Bose was aware that his success in Germany was dependent on a German victory in Russia and the willingnes of the German Govt. to issue a Free India Declaration.Both prospects seemed bleak. On 23 May 1942, Bose expressed his desire to Dr. Ernst Woerman , the under Secretary of State for political affairs go to East Asia. 
The Indians of East asia was not happy with Rashbehari Bose.  Rashbehari Bose ( 25 May 1886 – 21 January 1945) was a revolutionary leader against the British Raj in India and was one of the key organisers of the Ghadar Revolution and later, the Indian National Army.    
Bose had a discussion with Oshima, Japanese Ambassador to Berlin, had given him encouraging signsthat he would be welcomedby the Japanese Govt. 
German and Italy were willing to do everything possible for him to proceed to East Asia  The Japanese had decided to invite Bose after the Bangkok conference. Following the crisis in Dec 1942 which developed between Mohan Singh and Rashbehari Bose. , The Japanese applied force on the German Govt. to send Bose of East asia to lead the movement against the British.
















The details of Bose's departure were finalised only in Jan 1943, and Japan agreed to supply a submrine on 2 Feb 1943 to receive Bose. Bose could leave by a germansubmarine with one companion Abid Hasan on 8 Feb 1943. Bose reached Sabangh safely on 6 May and reached left for Tokyo on 16 May. he assumed the leadership of the movement in the first week of July 1943.  

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