English Version- Subhas as a Youth Leader

Introduction;
Subhas was born in the age of monopoly capitalism ( as per Lenin - monopoly Capitalism developed at the end of nineteenth century) and was brought up in the age of contradiction of monopoly capitalism but became youth leader  But he appeared as a leader in the age of "general crisis' of monopoly capitalism.' The Imperial Capitalism ( a form of monopoly Capitalism) entered in a "general crisis" in 1929-33 . as a result of this world wide economic  crisis the industrial production of United States of America fell about 65 % in 1929, in Great Britain it fell  86 %, in Germany 66 % , and in France 77 %. . Though in USSR the industrial production rose   201 % from 1929 to 1933
( History of Communist Party of Soviet Union, Moscow). Many Bourgeois Economists and Theoretician in Monopoly Capitalism realized that the world did not face with such a "Great Economic  Depression " as in 1929-33. Engels commented, the economic crisis appears in a circular way after every 5-7 years. " The circle is in the form of ; expansion -depression - regeneration. For the last 150 years the economic crisis of the capitalistic production  revolves in such a circular system.But after the salvation of Russia from the clutches of Capitalistic system the economic crisis turned into a "general economic crisis" which appears with a large paw to grasp the Bourgeois Economy including political, social and cultural system.
On the other hand the demand of the Indian Industrial Production increased in boundless manner during WWI (1914-18). Because the import of goods from Britain and other places had decreased many times and the demand of goods had increased enormously.As a result the Indian Industrialists had been given extra benefits for production of sufficient goods of iron, steal, Jute, leather goods,  garments made of cotton and woolen materials.The British Government first introduced "fiscal Commission" in India in 1923 and gave exemption to some Indian products from competition. Some fundamental Idustrial products such as iron, steal,garments, Jute, sugar etc was brought under reservation lists.As a result they got monopoly business in Indian market. At this moment export from foreign was stopped altogether.A source revealed that the total British goods in 1914was 43%, in 1935 it was 10 %and in 1948 it came down to 3.6% ( Indian Economy, Dutta and Sundaram, P- 25). The India Bourgeoisie became unable to take leaddership in the freedom movement of India and the leadership was taken by the leftists..    

Subhas Entered in Politics;
As in today, membership for a new comer was enrolled in both District level or Centrally.Usually it took a long time for a person enrolled in district level to take leadership in the central level . But to be enrolled centrally a candidate must possess some extra qualification in organising ability and a good academic records.  Subhas Chandra possessed both these qualification.He was in the fore front from his student life.Moreover, he expressed his desire to Deshabandhu from Britain to become  a full time worker in the Party. He wrote two letters to Deshabandhu in this respect.
As per his desire he was given the following responsibilities after he came to India in 1921;
1. The post of Pricinpal  in the National College. During his student life he was attracted the educational system of Shantiniketan. The National College was started for those students who gave up their studies in Govt. schools and colleges.
2. Responsibility of Publicity of Bengal Provincial Congress,
3. In-Charge of National Volunteer Force of Bengal..
Subhas Chandra came to India on 16th July, 1921 and he took the charges of his alloted responsibilities on 1st august, 1921. The day of first death anniversary of Mahamanya Tilak.
Thousands of youths began to join in the volunteer Force. When he first leading a procession of volunteers on 10th Dec 1921 he was arrested and sent to a jail in Bihar for six months. .This was his first imprisonment.

Class organisation and its origin
In the years 1918-1919 and 1920-1921 there were tremendous fall of food crops for natural calamity and a famine had engulfed the whole of India for export of food materials and shortage of food. About 1.3 crores of people died out of influenza, diarrhea etc. The freedom struggle took a serious turn for new labour movement. In 1918 large number of strikes were organised in Bombay, Madras, Kanpur, Ahmedabad. When the propaganda of strikes grew in a large number , trade union organisation came into being.At this stage the National Bourgeoisie came forward. B.P.Wadia from Madras, M.K.Gandhi from Ahmedabad first formed Trade Union in 1918.
In 1920 and 1921 trade union movement and mass movement took serious turn.. About 4 to 6 lacs of workers participated in different strikes. All Imndia Trade Union Congress (A.I.T.U.C) was formed in a meeting held at Bombay in may 1920. The national Bourgeoisie was in its leadership. ( Indian History, Pragati Prakashan, Moscow)
At this time Youth Organisation, Mahila Organisation, Student Organisation Trade Union Organisation were formed.
After being released from Jail in Aug. , 1922 Subhas took the responsibilities of   Editing af News Paper and Youth Organisation. All Bengal Youth Conference took place in that month. The famous scientist D.Meghnad Saha took the Chair. Subhas Chandra as a President of the Reception Committee said in his inaugural address, it is the time for fight out illiteracy, untouchability, Child Marriage, and dowry system . He stressed on taking the tue and honest path  and became disciplined work for social service.. Subhas Chandra always tried to be one in his deeds and words. He moved from Bogra, Rajsahi, Pabna, Dinajpore, to Rangpur at the instruction of BPCC ,
The mass movement was also spread in the villages. In some place the seeds of Peasants Organisation was reaped and Jawaharlal Nehru took its leadership and courted arrest. In other waords the Non Cooperation movement spread extensibly during 1918 to 1922 But suddenly it was called off for violation of the norms of the movement in Chauri Chaura. in Feb 1922. It was so sudden that even Jawaharlal commented, " we , all, became upset on hearing the news of the non-cooperation being stopped."    .
Subhas Chandra imrisoned for 2nd time;
Deshabandhu Chittaranjan Das was delected first Mayor of Calcutta Corporatin on 24th April 1923. He appointed Subjas Chandra as the Chief Excutive Officer (CEO).Subhas Chandra similarly began to work with utmost sincerity and efficiency. On 25th October in the night he was made to wake up and arrested under D I Rule. the whole Bengal became fired up this news at this news. Chittaranjan Das pointed out to  this "lawless law" and said loudly,"Mr.Subhas Chandra is not more revolutionary than I am. Why police doesn't   arrest me ? I want to know , what does it mean? If love of ones country is a crime, then I'm guilty. If Subhas is a criminal I too am a criminal. Not only the CEO of Calcutta Corporation is a criminal , its Mayor is also equally guilty."
For the first six months Subhas chandra was kept in Alipore Central Jail,Calcutta . He used to check th files. of Calcutta Corporation within the Jail.But Govt did not feel this system secure, he was sdnt to Berhampore Jail.. Mr Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, a revolutionary of Anusilan Samity was in the same jail at that time. He mentioned that Subhas Chandra had link with the members of the Party.Their leader Naren Sen remained in a house to be seen from the jail.The prisoners conducted a handwritten Magazine within the jail. Subhas Chandra wrote an essay on Freedom Struggle of Poland and gave it to the magazine. Chatterjee wrote on Ireland. The Subhas Chandra was sent to Mandalay jail on 25th January. On the way to Mandalay he he halted for one night in Lalbazar Police station.(description of Mandalay and release of Subhs Chandra was given in the previous essay)

  Subhas Chandra was released on 16th May 1927 and from this date to January 1930 , he  remained outside the jail. Subhas Chandra informed the associated Press on 6th May after coming to his house, he was too much sick for his long stay in jail. His first duty was to recover his health.
He addressed five meetings of youths;
1. 4th March, Bankura-his felicitation, arranged by youths of Bankura
2. 26th March Kushtia
3. 16th July, Albert Hall

 (The history of the Coffee House at College Street can be traced back to Albert Hall, which was founded in April 1876. Later on, the Coffee Board decided to start a coffee joint from the Albert Hall in 1942. Notable citizens, including Rabindranath Tagore and Subhas Chandra Bose, were frequent visitors to the place. In 1947, the Central Government changed the name of the place to "Coffee House")

4. 22 July Purna Theatre Hall

5. 8th Oct Nagpur

In all these meetings Subhas  Chandra discussed on the following points;

1. Perspective of Youth Movement,

2. Aims and Objects of Youth Movement,

3. Meaning of Freedom.

During discussion of the Perspectives of Youth Movement Subhas Chandra said , Any movement cannot be termed as Youth movement. The Aims of Youth movement is to create something. Literature, Art, Religion, Social or Political in all spheres creation of something new is its aims and objects.Youth means an endless Imagination and an endless hope. Development of Unbounded Strength and energy in ones life.He quoted from Rabindranath and Tennyson and explained the aims and objects of youth movement. " I shall break the walls of the jail, or Strong in will/to strike,to seek, to find and not to yield." is the motto of the youth movements. Subhas Chandra emphatically said Freedom means full freedom i.e., Political, economic and Social freedom."

The Calcutta Congress was held in Dec 1928. The proposal of Subhas Chandra Bose of Full Freedom was turned down by 973 to 1350 votes.

In 1929, Subhas Chandra addressed three youth meetings and reiterated the same thing;

1. 9th February, as a President of Pabna Youth Conference,

2. 22 nd June , Youth conference of Jessore - Khulna,

3. 28th Sept , his address was read in Howrah Dt. Jail.

The speeches delivered by Subhas Chandra Bose were more straight and  sharp .He added another two lines, 1. Youth movement emanates from the discontent of present situation and obstructions from all sides, 2. against all forces of obstruction of reconstruction of social and national qualities.

The  General Crisis of Capitalism;        

The general crisis of Capitalism originates from the incidence of replacement of Capitalism by Socialism.in russia. The main symptoms of this stage of CAPITALISM is revealed in all directions  of society; social,political,cultural and economic.. The Labour Party came to power in U.K. in this  general Crisis engulfed in 1929   

Subhas Chandra again Imprisoned

Subhas Chandra was again imprisoned in Jan 1930 to Sept 1930 and Jan 1931 and March 1931. After release He addressed in three youth meetings.

1. 18th March 1931, Karachi - Presidential address in 2nd conference of All India Naozoan Sabha

2. 23 rd May 1931,  Mathura-, Uttarpradesh - Naozoan Bharat Sabha and

3. 17th june 11931, Bombay- youth League. He delivered about socialistic production and distribution.

Conclusion

All the leaders Lenin, Stalin and Mao-Se-Tung discussed about the aims, objects, and directions of Youth Movements. It has been found , on analysis, that the idea of Subhas Chandra has close similarity with Mao-Se-Tung. In some points it bears similarity with that of Lenin.But it has littlE similarity with that of Stalin. 

The main reason for that is , Stalin said about youth movement after the Russian Revolution., in 1924. The the main contradiction came out in the fore front among the all contradictions was the contradiction between the Workers and Peasants for which lenin introduced his "New Economic Policy" (NEP). 

Stalin said to explain the aims and objects of Youth Movement in respect of Youth Communist League (Y.K.L) is as to develop itself as an independent voluntary organistion  to give it to form a storage of workers and Peasants forces. He categorically said two things;

1. It is a Storage of forces,

2. It is an instrument to bring the larger youth section. in the fold of Communkist party. 

The points of similarity between Lenin, Mao-se Tung and Subhas was that  they put importance  for the character building of the youths.

Subhas Chandra reiterated the words of Vivekananda , "  man making is my motto" To form a nation or an ism is only possible if man is made in the proper direction.

Mao-se-tung stressed on Education upto the age 25. Lenin also stressed on Discipline and education of youths.